Complete List Safe and Unsafe Foods for Ducks

Updated: 13 Nov 2024

What can ducks eat? Ducks love treats like kitchen scraps and the things they find outside. But not all fruits are safe for them. This guide will help you learn which fruits are good for ducks and which ones to avoid. We used advice from duck owners and some science to make this list. Remember, while we try our best, no guide is perfect. Keep reading to find out safe and unsafe foods for ducks.

Safe Fruits for Ducks

This section lists fruits that are perfectly fine for ducks to eat. It covers a variety of fruits like apples, pears, and berries, explaining why they’re good for ducks and how to prepare them safely.

Apples (without seeds) – Ducks can enjoy apple flesh, which is rich in fiber and vitamins A and C, aiding their digestion and immune system. Ensure to remove the seeds, which contain harmful cyanide.
Apricots (without pits) – Apricots are a sweet treat for ducks, offering beta-carotene and fiber. The pits, however, can be toxic, so they must be removed before feeding.
Avocado (flesh only) – Avocado is safe for ducks if the skin and pit are removed, offering healthy fats and vitamins E and C, which are good for their feathers and skin.
Bananas (in moderation) – While high in potassium and vitamins, bananas should be fed in moderation due to their sugar content, helping ducks maintain balanced energy levels.
Blackberries – These berries are safe and beneficial, providing antioxidants, vitamins C and K, which support the immune system and blood clotting.
Blueberries – Another excellent berry choice, blueberries are rich in antioxidants and vitamin C, promoting overall health in ducks.
Cantaloupe – This hydrating melon is full of vitamins A and C and can help keep ducks hydrated on hot days, thanks to its high water content.
Cherries (without pits) – Cherries are safe for ducks if pits are removed. They offer antioxidants and melatonin, which can help regulate a duck’s sleep cycles.
Crabapples – While smaller and sharper in taste, crabapples are safe for ducks in moderation and provide similar nutritional benefits to regular apples.
Cranberries – Rich in vitamin C and good for the urinary tract, cranberries are a healthy choice for ducks, especially when fresh.
Currants – These small berries are packed with nutrients, including potassium and dietary fiber, beneficial for a duck’s cardiovascular and digestive health.
Dates (in moderation) – Due to their high sugar content, dates should be given sparingly but are a good source of energy.
Elderberries (ripe only) – Only ripe elderberries are safe for ducks, providing vitamin C and boosting their immune system.
Figs (in small amounts) – High in fiber and natural sugars, figs can be a sweet treat for ducks but should be given in limited amounts.
Grapes (in moderation) – Grapes are fine for ducks if fed in moderation to prevent choking. They are hydrating and provide vitamin C and potassium.
Guava – This tropical fruit is safe for ducks, offering more vitamin C per weight than even oranges, which supports immune health.
Honeydew melon – Like cantaloupe, honeydew is safe for ducks and provides essential hydration and vitamins.
Jackfruit (flesh only) – The tropical taste and rich vitamin content of jackfruit can be enjoyed by ducks, but ensure no seeds are included.
Jujube – These vitamin C-rich fruits are safe for ducks, helping to fortify the immune system.
Kiwi – With its high vitamin C and fiber content, kiwi is an excellent fruit for supporting a duck’s digestion and immunity.
Kumquats (in moderation) – These tiny citrus-like fruits are safe in small quantities and offer bursts of vitamin C.
Lychee (sugar caution) – Due to their high sugar, lychees should be offered sparingly, but they are safe and provide vitamin C.
Mango (no pit) – Mango flesh is nutritious, providing vitamins A, C, and E, but make sure to remove the pit.
Mulberries – These are safe and beneficial, similar to blackberries, providing vitamin C and iron.
Nectarines (no pit) – Like peaches, nectarines are safe if the pit is removed, offering dietary fiber and vitamin A.
Papaya – This is an excellent fruit for digestive health, rich in vitamins C and A, and is completely safe for ducks when seeds are removed.
Passion fruit – The seeds and pulp of passion fruit are safe for ducks, offering a good source of vitamin A, which is beneficial for vision.
Peaches (no pit) – Vitamin-rich and hydrating, peaches are safe for ducks as long as the toxic pit is removed.
Pears (without seeds) – Pears are gentle on a duck’s stomach and provide hydration and fiber, but make sure to remove the seeds.
Persimmon – Safe for ducks, persimmons offer vitamin C and can help reduce inflammation.
Pineapple – While acidic, small amounts of pineapple are safe for ducks and can aid in digestion due to bromelain enzymes.
Plums (without pits) – Plums are okay for ducks if the pit is removed, offering antioxidant benefits.
Pomegranate – Ducks can eat both the seeds and juice of pomegranate, which are rich in antioxidants.
Prunes – Dried plums are safe in moderation; they are a good source of fiber and help maintain digestive regularity.
Quince – Rare but safe, quince is beneficial for its high vitamin C content.
Raspberries – Nutrient-rich and safe, raspberries provide fiber and vitamins.
Strawberries – With their high vitamin C content, strawberries are a healthy and safe choice for ducks.
Starfruit (in moderation) – This unique fruit is safe in small amounts and offers vitamin C but should be given cautiously due to potential toxins in larger quantities.
Tangerines (in moderation) – Tangerines are safe but should be fed in moderation due to their acidic nature.
Ugli fruit – This hybrid of grapefruit, orange, and tangerine is safe for ducks and is less acidic than other citrus fruits.
Watermelon (no rind) – Watermelon is excellent for hydration and is safe for ducks, but avoid the hard rind to prevent digestive issues.

Unsafe Fruits for Ducks

Some fruits can be harmful to ducks. This part will tell you which fruits to avoid, such as citrus or avocado pits, and why they pose a risk to your feathered friends.

Citrus fruits like Lemons and Oranges – The high acidity can cause stomach upset in ducks, so it’s best to avoid these.
Rhubarb – Rhubarb leaves contain oxalic acid, which is toxic to ducks.
Stone fruit pits – These contain cyanide, which is hazardous to ducks and must always be removed.

Safe Vegetables & Herbs for Ducks

Ducks can eat many vegetables and herbs, too. Here, we explore which veggies and herbs are beneficial and how they contribute to the health of your ducks.

Asparagus – This nutrient-rich vegetable is safe for ducks and provides essential vitamins like K, A, and C, which are good for their feather and bone health.
Beetroot – Beetroot is safe and beneficial for ducks, offering vitamins and minerals that support liver detoxification and blood health.
Broccoli – Ducks can eat broccoli, which is high in vitamin C and dietary fiber. It supports immune function and digestive health.
Brussels Sprouts – These are a good source of vitamins K and C and are safe for ducks, aiding in blood clotting and antioxidant protection.
Cabbage – Safe for ducks, cabbage is a low-calorie vegetable rich in vitamins K and C, which help in maintaining strong bones and immune health.
Carrots – Carrots are excellent for ducks, providing beta-carotene, fiber, and vitamins, which support good vision and digestive health.
Cauliflower – This vegetable is safe and offers fiber and vitamins to help with digestion and cellular health.
Celery – Ducks can eat celery, which is low in calories but rich in water and fiber, aiding in hydration and digestion.
Collard Greens – Rich in vitamins A, K, and C, collard greens are safe for ducks and are beneficial for vision, immune health, and blood clotting.
Cucumber – Cucumbers are mostly water, making them a hydrating snack for ducks, plus they’re rich in vitamins K and C.
Dandelion Greens – These are not only safe but also a nutrient powerhouse for ducks, offering vitamins A, C, and K, which support eye, skin, and liver health.
Eggplant (cooked) – Eggplant is safe for ducks if cooked; it provides fiber and antioxidants, though it should be fed in moderation due to its minimal bitterness.
Endive – This leafy green is safe and provides a hydrating, fiber-rich snack for ducks, supporting digestive health.
Fennel – Fennel can be fed to ducks and is beneficial for its high vitamin C content and digestive benefits.
Green Beans (cooked) – Cooked green beans are safe for ducks, offering iron and protein, which are essential for muscle and blood health.
Kale (in moderation) – Kale is a superfood for ducks as well, though it should be fed in moderation due to its high vitamin K content, which can affect blood clotting if overconsumed.
Kohlrabi – This vegetable is safe and provides fiber and vitamins, aiding in digestion and overall health.
Leek (in small amounts) – Leeks are safe in small amounts; they offer vitamins A and C, which are good for vision and the immune system.
Lettuce (avoid iceberg) – Most lettuces are safe for ducks, but avoid iceberg, which has minimal nutritional value. Romaine and other dark leafy lettuces are better choices, offering hydration and nutrients.
Mustard Greens – These greens are safe for ducks and provide a peppery flavor and plenty of vitamins A, C, and K.
Okra – Okra is safe for ducks and is a great source of magnesium, folate, fiber, and antioxidants, supporting heart and digestive health.
Parsnip – Safe for ducks, parsnips are a good source of fiber and vitamin C, enhancing digestive health and immune function.
Peas – Peas are safe and offer ducks protein, fiber, and vitamins, supporting overall health and energy.
Peppers (bell) – Bell peppers are safe for ducks and provide a high amount of vitamin C, which is great for their immune system.
Pumpkin – Pumpkin is very nutritious for ducks, providing beta-carotene and fiber, which support vision and digestive health.
Radishes – These are safe for ducks and provide vitamins E, A, and C, along with antioxidants that help protect their cells.
Rutabaga – A root vegetable that is safe for ducks, rutabaga provides fiber and vitamin C.
Spinach (in small amounts) – Spinach is safe in moderation, offering a rich source of iron and vitamins A, C, and K, which are important for blood, immune, and vision health.
Squash – All types of squash are safe for ducks and are a good source of vitamins A and C, along with fiber to aid digestion.
Sweet Potato (cooked) – Cooked sweet potatoes are safe for ducks, providing beta-carotene and vitamins that support eye health and immunity.
Swiss Chard – This is another safe leafy green for ducks, offering vitamins K, A, and C, beneficial for their overall health.
Tomatoes (ripe fruit only) – Ducks can eat ripe tomatoes, which are rich in vitamin C and lycopene, but all green parts must be avoided as they are toxic.
Turnip – Turnips are safe for ducks and provide fiber, vitamin C, and calcium, supporting bone health and digestion.
Watercress – This aquatic plant is excellent for ducks, offering significant amounts of vitamins A, C, and K.
Zucchini – Safe and nutritious, zucchini provides vitamin A and dietary fiber, which are beneficial for a duck’s health.

Unsafe Vegetables

Not all vegetables are duck-friendly. This section discusses which vegetables might cause health issues for ducks and should be avoided in their diet.

Onions, Garlic, and Leeks – These vegetables are toxic to ducks and can cause hemolytic anemia, so they should be avoided entirely.

Safe Legumes & Grains for Ducks

Legumes and grains can be great energy sources for ducks. This part lists which ones are safe and provides tips on how to incorporate them into your ducks’ meals

Barley (cooked) – Cooked barley is safe for ducks, providing fiber and essential minerals that support digestive health.
Buckwheat – Buckwheat is safe and nutritious for ducks, offering high-quality protein and fiber which are beneficial for heart health.
Bulgur wheat – This grain is safe for ducks and is a good source of fiber and B-vitamins, aiding in energy metabolism.
Chickpeas (cooked) – Cooked chickpeas are a safe and healthy choice, providing protein and fiber that support muscle and digestive health.
Corn (cooked) – Corn is a favorite among ducks and can be fed safely when cooked, providing carbohydrates and essential vitamins for energy.
Couscous – Ducks can safely eat couscous, which is a good source of protein and selenium, an important antioxidant.
Lentils (cooked) – Cooked lentils are very nutritious for ducks, offering protein, fiber, and iron, which support overall health and energy levels.
Millet – Millet is safe for ducks and is an excellent source of magnesium, which helps with nerve and muscle function.
Oats (cooked) – Cooked oats are safe and highly beneficial, providing energy and helping with feather health due to their high manganese content.
Quinoa (cooked) – Quinoa is a superfood for ducks too, offering complete protein and all nine essential amino acids, which are crucial for overall health.
Rice (cooked) – Plain, cooked rice is safe for ducks and provides easy-to-digest energy, making it a good choice for a duck’s diet.
Rye – Rye is safe for ducks and offers dietary fiber, which aids in digestive health.
Sorghum – Sorghum is a safe grain for ducks and provides protein and fiber, beneficial for energy and digestive health.
Spelt – Spelt is safe and nutritious for ducks, providing energy through its carbohydrates and supporting health with its vitamins and minerals.
Wheat (in small amounts) – Wheat can be fed to ducks in small amounts and provides them with energy and essential nutrients.

Unsafe Legumes & Grains

Learn about the legumes and grains that could be dangerous for ducks. This section helps you understand which items to keep out of their reach and why.

Raw kidney beans and soybeans are toxic to ducks when uncooked due to substances that can interfere with digestive enzymes and cause illness.

Safe Nuts & Seeds for Ducks

Nuts and seeds can be occasional treats for ducks. Find out which types are safe for ducks and how often they can be given these tasty snacks.

Almonds (unsalted, in small amounts) – Almonds are safe in small amounts for ducks if unsalted, offering healthy fats and protein.
Brazil nuts (unsalted, in small amounts) – Brazil nuts are safe for ducks in moderation, providing selenium, which is important for cellular function.
Cashews (unsalted, in small amounts) – Cashews can be a nutritious treat for ducks if unsalted, offering good fats and a bit of protein.
Chia seeds – Chia seeds are safe for ducks and are extremely nutritious, providing omega-3 fatty acids, which are great for feather health.
Flaxseeds – Flaxseeds are safe for ducks, offering omega-3 fatty acids and fiber, which help in maintaining healthy skin and feathers.
Hemp seeds – Hemp seeds are safe and beneficial for ducks, providing a balanced source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
Pecans (unsalted, in small amounts) – Pecans are safe for ducks in small quantities and offer antioxidants and healthy fats.
Pumpkin seeds – Pumpkin seeds are safe for ducks and are a good source of zinc, which supports immune health.
Sesame seeds – Safe for ducks, sesame seeds provide calcium and healthy fats, which are important for bone health and energy.
Sunflower seeds (unsalted) – Sunflower seeds are a favorite treat among ducks and provide healthy fats and vitamin E, which is good for their skin and feathers.

Unsafe Nuts/Seeds

Some nuts and seeds are toxic to ducks. This part of the guide will help you identify which ones to avoid to prevent health problems.

Macadamia nuts – These nuts are toxic to ducks and can cause illness, so they should be completely avoided.
Salted nuts – High sodium levels in salted nuts can be harmful to ducks, leading to potential health issues.

Safe Insects & Small Animals for Ducks

Ducks naturally eat insects and small animals. This section covers which types are nutritious and safe for ducks to consume.

Ants – Ants are safe for ducks and provide protein and other nutrients.
Beetles – Beetles are another safe option, offering ducks a natural source of protein.
Crickets – Crickets are safe and nutritious, providing ducks with protein, fats, and essential vitamins.
Earthworms – Earthworms are excellent for ducks, providing high-quality protein and nutrients that mimic their natural diet.
Grasshoppers – Grasshoppers are safe for ducks and are a good source of protein and minerals.
Mealworms – Mealworms are safe and can be a high-protein treat for ducks, beneficial for growth and feather development.
Slugs – Slugs are safe for ducks and can be a natural part of their diet, offering protein.
Snails (ensure they are pesticide-free) – Snails are safe provided they have not been exposed to pesticides, offering ducks a variety of nutrients including protein.

Meats & Animal Products (Safe in Moderation)

While mainly herbivorous, ducks can eat certain types of meat and animal products in moderation. Learn which ones and how to safely include them in your ducks’ diet.

Cooked chicken – Ducks can eat cooked chicken as long as it is plain and without bones, providing them with high-quality protein.
Cooked eggs – Cooked eggs are safe and highly nutritious for ducks, offering protein and essential vitamins.
Cooked fish – Cooked fish is safe for ducks in moderation and provides omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for feather and joint health.

Unsafe Meats

Some meats can be harmful to ducks. Here, we identify which meats to avoid and explain the risks associated with them.

Processed meats – These should be avoided due to high sodium and preservatives, which can be harmful to ducks.
Raw meats – Raw meats can carry pathogens that are dangerous to ducks, so they should always be cooked before feeding.
Fatty meats – High fat content can be difficult for ducks to digest and may lead to health issues.

Other Safe Foods

Bread (in tiny amounts) – Bread can be fed to ducks in very small amounts as a treat but offers little nutritional value and should not be a staple in their diet.
Pasta (plain and cooked) – Plain, cooked pasta is safe for ducks and can be an energy-rich food when fed occasionally.
Rice (plain and cooked) – Plain, cooked rice is safe for ducks, providing an easy-to-digest source of carbohydrates.

Unsafe Foods

It’s crucial to know which foods to completely avoid for ducks. This section lists foods that can be dangerous, like chocolate and junk food.

Junk foods like chips – These are high in salt and unhealthy fats and provide no nutritional value to ducks.
Chocolate – Toxic to ducks due to theobromine content, chocolate should be strictly avoided.
Caffeine – Any caffeinated foods or beverages are harmful to ducks and can lead to serious health problems.

Safe Plants for Ducks

Clover – Clover is safe for ducks and is a good source of nutrients.
Dandelion greens – These greens are nutritious and beneficial for ducks, providing vitamins and minerals.
Grass (fresh) – Fresh grass is safe and can make up a large part of a duck’s diet, providing fiber and nutrients.
Mint – Mint is safe for ducks and can help aid their digestion.
Sage – Sage is safe and can provide dietary variety and potential antioxidant benefits for ducks.

Safe Compounds for ducks

Oxalic Acid: Found in moderate levels in vegetables like spinach and rhubarb. It’s generally safe for ducks when consumed in small amounts, as it can bind with calcium and potentially lead to nutrient deficiencies if overconsumed.
Solanine: Present in green potatoes and other nightshades. Feeding ducks only ripe, non-green potatoes in moderation ensures they avoid solanine poisoning.
Theobromine: While toxic in chocolate, it’s not commonly encountered in duck diets unless chocolate is mistakenly given.

Unsafe Compounds for ducks

Caffeine: Found in coffee, tea, and certain soft drinks, caffeine is harmful to ducks and should be avoided to prevent cardiovascular and nervous system issues.
Allicin: Present in garlic and onions, allicin can cause anemia in ducks by damaging red blood cells.
Amygdalin: Found in the pits of stone fruits like cherries, apricots, and peaches, amygdalin can release cyanide when metabolized, so it’s crucial to remove all pits before feeding these fruits to ducks.
Persin: This is found in avocado skin and pit. The flesh is safe for ducks, but the skin and pit can be toxic and should be completely avoided.
Lactose: Ducks are generally lactose intolerant, so milk and other dairy products should be avoided as they can cause digestive upset.
Ethanol: Found in alcoholic beverages, it’s toxic to ducks and can lead to severe health issues.
Xylitol: A sugar substitute found in many sugar-free products, xylitol is highly toxic to many animals, including ducks, and can cause liver failure.

Conclusion

Feeding your ducks the right foods is crucial for their health and happiness. By sticking to the safe fruits, vegetables, grains, and other foods listed in this guide, you can ensure your ducks enjoy a nutritious diet without any risks.

Remember to always avoid the foods that can harm them, like certain fruits with pits or toxic vegetables. With this comprehensive list, you now have the knowledge to make informed choices about what to feed your ducks, keeping them healthy and thriving for years to come. Happy feeding!